在執行期取得目前Makefile腳本檔所在的目錄 Absolute Path of current Makefile 含測試結果

範例程式取得Makefile所在絕對路徑 (Absolute Path of current Makefile)

test results on linux

參考

- https://www.systutorials.com/241620/how-to-get-the-full-path-and-directory-of-a-makefile-itself/

Bash Tip - Run Command with multiple arguments with ssh

This is a note for logging my simple way to use ssh and bash with continuous integration on remote server.

You can execute the following test-cases.sh on your host.

It will execute remote script of the test with correct argument contents.

source code of test-cases.sh on host

directory layout of tester account on test-server

source code of tests.sh on test-server

result of test-cases.sh example

source ./test-cases.sh

➜  ~ run_cases "\"1\"\"" "b'\"" "c'#\"" "\"\"" "\'"

ssh test-server cd test-cases; /bin/bash ./tests.sh  "\"1\"\"" "b\'\"" "c\'\#\"" "\"\"" "\\'"

argv[1]=["1""]

argv[2]=[b\'"]

argv[3]=[c\'\#"]

argv[4]=[""]

argv[5]=[\\']

Notes

printf %q  is use to make safe quote the argument if hashtag(#), quote('), double quote(") and so on.

Appendix

• wikipedia - Bash_(Unix_shell)
• Bash Guide for Beginners -- Machtelt Garrels

Bash Tip - Use bash to implement like C's argc and argv

Test bash script capacity

I want to show how to write the advanced bash script with shift and array.
Feature:

• filter the arguments with '-' leading character as options
• the following inputs are the data arguments

Tested environments: - bash 4.3.48 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu ubuntu-16.04.4 LTS

DevOps Tip - How to use terraform apply without prompt and input yes for CI/CD?

Problem

Took a memo about integration of CI/CD applied by terraform without prompt to input 'yes'
It is annoying to input yes every time if you already make sure already by `terraform plan`.
On the other hand, I need to integrate with different system for CI/CD. I need a way to approve it automatically.
By tests with commands official documents, I found the correct command and arguments.

Tested Solutions

    terraform apply -input=false -auto-approve

or as my test, you can shorten to the following command

    terraform apply -auto-approve

Test Environments

• Ubuntu 16.04.04 LTS
• OSX 10.14

Reference:

• https://learn.hashicorp.com/terraform/development/running-terraform-in-automation

Extended Reading

• DevOps Tip - How to use shared terraform plugins by -plugin-dir argument?

DevOps Tip - How to use shared terraform plugins by -plugin-dir argument?

Problem

If you executed `terraform init`, you may already have the .terraform in your folder.

Because you may have many terraform repo similar to another, you can use the -plugin-dir to reduce the usage of disk space.

As a shared plugins so that we don’t need many copies of plugins into different locations.

Example

• Here I used my OSX Macbook as a Demo Environment.

  ====================
  cd /build/setupdev/

    sudo mkdir -p  /opt/terraform/terraform.d

mv .terraform/plugins to /opt/terraform/terraform.d/plugins

• Please run the following command to apply it.

  ====================

terraform init -input=false \
-plugin-dir=/opt/terraform/terraform.d/plugins/darwin_amd64

Tree of .terraform

Tree of terraform plugins

Reference

• https://learn.hashicorp.com/terraform/development/running-terraform-in-automation

Extended Reading

• DevOps Tip - How to use terraform apply without prompt and input yes for CI/CD?

OrangeOS's 作業系統實現範例出現微軟防毒Defender的誤偵測

年關將近，最近繼續在整理舊書，偶然間翻到了一本放了很久的舊書 OrangeOS's 一個作業系統的實現。

在Windows 10 系統中，想試試它的範例，發現 a.img 檔案複製不過來，覺得十分奇怪。

突然跳出病毒移除警告，微軟的防毒軟體偵到 Trojan: DOS/Killmbr。

出現的路徑剛好是範例1的Hello World boot.asm 所對應的檔案 a.img

程式碼

原本的測試範例沒有Makefile, 筆者寫了一個測試用的Makefile 以方便在Ubuntu 16.04.4 重覆編譯

編譯測試檔案

/Dev/orangeos/chapter1/a$ make qemu-img create -f raw a.img 1440k Formatting 'a.img', fmt=raw size=1474560 mkfs.msdos -s 1 a.img mkfs.fat 3.0.28 (2015-05-16) nasm boot.asm -f bin -o boot.bin dd if=boot.bin of=./a.img bs=512 count=1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 512 bytes copied, 0.000185582 s, 2.8 MB/s

被偵測到有問題的boot.asm 範例

org 07c00h mov ax, cs mov ds, ax mov es, ax call DispStr jmp $ DispStr: mov ax, BootMessage mov bp, ax mov cx, 16 mov ax, 01301h mov bx, 000ch mov dl, 0 int 10h ret BootMessage: db "Hello, OS world!" times 510-($-$$) db 0 dw 0xaa55

通Defender 偵測的 boot.asm 範例

測試 ghaiklor 的 Simple boot sector with Hello World 範例編譯沒有問題
source: https://gist.github.com/ghaiklor/89e243a3463569480d01188c9e55e077

執行編譯OK的Hello World 

Windows 10 pro with qemu / make tools installed by choco

小結

比較程式的差異，通Defender 偵測的 boot.asm 範例，是比較好的寫法，有做處理停止中斷及結束。
看到偵測有病毒檔案訊息，先不用緊張，確認問題點，調整一下寫法，就可避開 Defender 誤偵測，繼續快樂的作業系統程式開發與研究囉！

延伸閱讀:

• Chocolatey是一個Windows下類似OSX brew 的軟體套件管理工具 
• NASM - The Netwide Assembler 英文使用手冊 
• 在Mac OS X上編繹BenOS並使用Qemu執行
• 讀"Orange's 一個作業系統的實現"的心得

如何在Mac上將微軟測試用虛擬機Image的zip 檔案解壓縮到特定目錄?

最近工作上，暫時會用到Windows 系統，
配合我的工作機所使用Parallels 虛擬化的軟體，
紀錄一下，在 MAC 上解壓縮微軟測試用虛擬機Image的zip 檔案到特定路徑並設定的方法

Step 1: 從微軟網站上下載虛擬機

下載相關檔案：選擇你要使用的虛擬機版本，及對應的虛擬化平台。

Step 2: 開啟 Terminal Console (我使用的是 iTerm2.app)

Step 3: 確認 unzip 指令在 Mac OS X (10.14.2 ) 的使用方法

在 terminal console 中輸入 man unzip, 可得知參數 -d exdir

Step 4: 解壓縮

以微軟30天測試用 Windows 7 Enterprise 虛擬機器 Parallels 檔案為例:

➜  unzip IE11.Win7.Parallels.zip -d ~/vmspace/win7/
Archive:  IE11.Win7.Parallels.zip
  inflating: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/.DS_Store
   creating: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/IE11 - Win7.pvm/
  inflating: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/IE11 - Win7.pvm/config.pvs
  inflating: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/IE11 - Win7.pvm/floppy.fdd
   creating: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/IE11 - Win7.pvm/harddisk1.hdd/
  inflating: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/IE11 - Win7.pvm/harddisk1.hdd/DiskDescriptor.xml
 extracting: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/IE11 - Win7.pvm/harddisk1.hdd/harddisk1.hdd
  inflating: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/IE11 - Win7.pvm/harddisk1.hdd/harddisk1.hdd.0.{5fbaabe3-6958-40ff-92a7-860e329aab41}.hds
  inflating: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/IE11 - Win7.pvm/harddisk1.hdd/harddisk1.hdd.drh
  inflating: /Users/tester/vmspace/win7/IE11 - Win7.pvm/VmInfo.pvi
➜ 

Step 5: 執行 pvm

即可在 /Users/tester/vmspace/win7 中找到 IE11 - Win7.pvm，點擊 pvm 檔案執行

Step 6: 執行後會看到對應的 IE11-Win7 的虛擬桌面

Step 7:安裝 Parallels Tools

用以安裝虛擬機平台相關驅動程式及擴充功能，安裝完成後，虛擬機需要重新啟動。

Step 8: 開始使用測試虛擬機

請注意：虛擬機預設定密碼為 Passw0rd! 

小結

虛擬化平台對於軟體在不同系統開發測試是必要工具，可減少重覆安裝系統的時間，搭配CI (持續整合），更能加速開發進度喔!